Liquid height, headspace, baffles, shafts, impeller type and clearance, sparger holes, probes, dip tubes, feed ports, and coils.
Physics
Transport model
Liquid and gas phases, rheology, turbulence, bubble size, drag, oxygen transfer, heat, scalar transport, and biological source terms.
Numerics
Solver evidence
Mesh quality and independence, rotating-zone method, time step, discretization, residuals, conservation, monitoring points, and run history.
Validation
Measured comparison
Torque or power, gas holdup, mixing time, kLa, probe maps, tracer curves, oxygen response, and uncertainty over the operating envelope.
Boundary or zoneModel definitionEngineering consequence
Gas inlet + spargerGas rate, composition, bubble model, hole layout and source locationGas holdup, plume, interfacial area, kLa and oxygen source distribution
Liquid feed inletFlow, composition, momentum, temperature and time profileLocal glucose, glutamine, pH, osmolality and feed-exposure risk
Impeller zoneMRF, sliding mesh or resolved rotation with speed and directionCirculation, power, shear exposure, gas dispersion and blend time
Cells and chemistrySpatial oxygen and nutrient sinks, heat and metabolite source termsLate-batch gradients, limitation zones and coupling to dynamic kinetics
Interactive engineering screenGeometry and boundary-condition review · time-dependent screening · scenario comparison · external case packaging